化學指南 Huàxué Zhǐnán, 1873

Anatole Billequin (畢利幹) & Lián Zǐzhèn (聯子振)

Billequin at Tongwen College rejected transliteration, fearing dialect differences, and named by property instead: 生色 colour-generating for chromium, 錆 for cobalt after its blue salts. The system did not spread.

Forms attested here (5)

• 硝氣 Nitrogen N xiāoqì today 氮 dàn “nitre gas” replaced
• 砂精 Silicon Si shājīng today 硅 guī “essence of sand” replaced
• 生色 Chromium Cr shēngsè today 铬 gè “colour-generating”, Billequin's property-based name replaced
• 無名異 Manganese Mn wúmíngyì today 锰 měng the mineral pyrolusite; Billequin merged it into one character replaced
• 錆 Cobalt Co qiāng today 钴 gǔ after the sky-blue colour of its salts replaced